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1901 |
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Born
in Portland, Oregon, on February 28. |
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1917 |
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Enters
Oregon Agricultural College at Cornvallis. |
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1922 |
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Recieves
B.S. degree in chemical engineering: in fall, as graduate student
at Caltech, begins reseach on molecular structure if crystals using
x-ray diffraction. |
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1923 |
|
Marries Ava Helen Miller
and publishes first scientific paper. |
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1925 |
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Recieves Ph.D. in chemistry
from Caltech, with minor in mathematical physics. |
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1926-27 |
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In
Europe on Guggenheim Fellowship, applies new quantum-mechanics physics
to chemistry. |
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1927 |
|
Becomes faculty member
at Caltech in fall. |
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1930 |
|
Publishes
first book, The Structure of Line Spectra (with
S. Goudsmit). |
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1933 |
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Publishes first influencial
paper on the nature of the chemical bond (insight began in 1929). |
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1934 |
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Elected to National Academy
of Sciences. |
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1936 |
|
Does first research in
biochemistry, on magnetism and oxygen exchange in hemoglobin. |
| |
1931 |
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Starts studies of antibodies
in immune system and structure of proteins. |
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1937 |
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Appointed chairman of
Caltech's Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. |
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1939 |
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Publishes
The Nature of Chemical Bond. |
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1940 |
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Publishes paper (with
M. Delbruck) on biological specificity and molecular complementariness.
Diagnosed as having glomerulonephritis, an often fatal kidney disease. |
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1941-45 |
|
Works on wartime projects
for the U.S. government (later given Presidential Medal For Merit
in 1948). |
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1945-49 |
|
Proves sickle cell anemia
is disease of hemoglobin molecule; first molecular disease described. |
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1946 |
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Joins Einstein's Emergency
Committee to inform public about nuclear weapons. |
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1947 |
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Publishes
first textbook, General Chemistry. |
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1948 |
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Discovers alpha helix
model of polypeptide protein structure (publishes papers in 1950-51). |
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1949 |
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Serves as proactive President
of American Chemical Society. |
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1952 |
|
Refused passport by the
U S. State Dept. because anticommunist statements are "not
strong enough." |
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1954 |
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Awarded Nobel Prize in
Chemistry for research into the nature of the chemical bond. |
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1955 |
|
Signs the Mainau Declaration
with 52 other Nobel laureates, calling for an end to all war. |
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1956 |
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Begins work on biochemistry
of retardation and mental illness, lasting 10 years. |
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1957 |
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With Ava Helen Pauling,
circulates among scientists a petition to end nuclear-weapons tests. |
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1958 |
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Presents petition to U.N.
with over 11,000 signatures from 49 countries Writes influential
popular book, No More War! Pressured by Caltech trustees because
of activism, resigns from administrative posts. |
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1960 |
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Subpoenaed to testify
at Senate subcommittee about test-ban treaty circulated in 1957;
refusing to provide names of assistants, risks imprisonment For
contempt of Congress. |
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1961 |
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Pauling helps organize
peace conference in Oslo to prevent nuclear-weapons dissemination
Publishes molecular theory of general anesthesia (crystal hydrate). |
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1963 |
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Awarded Nobel Peace Prize
(1962) For efforts to halt nuclear tests and promote world peace. |
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1964-67 |
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Leaves Caltech and becomes
member of Center For the Study of Democratic Institutions. |
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1964 |
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Publishes
The Architecture of Molecules with Roger Hayward. |
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1966 |
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Interest aroused in megavitamin
use for mental and physical health, and longevity. |
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1967-69 |
|
Research Professor of
Chemistry at UC San Diego. Proposes two new biomedical fields: orthomolecular
psychiatry and orthomolecular medicine. |
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1969-73 |
|
Professor of Chemistry
at Stanford University. |
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1970 |
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His
Vitamin C and the Common Cold becomes a bestseller. |
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1973 |
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Linus Pauling Institute
of Science and Medicine is founded. |
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1975 |
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Awarded National Medal
of Science. |
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1979 |
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Publishes
Cancer and Vitamin C with Ewan Cameron, M.D. |
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1981 |
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Death of wife, Ava Helen
Pauling. |
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1984 |
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Given American Chemical
Society's highest award, the Joseph Priestley medal. |
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1986 |
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Publishes
How to Live Longer and Feel Better. |
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1989 |
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Receives
National Science Foundation's Vannevar Bush Award. |
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1993 |
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20th annivensary of Linus Pauling
Institute is celebrated. |
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1994 |
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Dies at his coastal ranch
in California on August 19. |
